Standards observatory
'NIST standardized PQC' does not mean every protocol and product is quantum-safe. Each artefact below carries its real status, because a draft transition document is not a regulation.
- 01Mathematical primitives — ML-KEM · ML-DSA · SLH-DSA
- 02Algorithm standards — FIPS 203 · 204 · 205
- 03Protocol standards — TLS · X.509 · CMS · JOSE · IKE/IPsec · SSH
- 04Crypto implementations — OpenSSL · OS crypto APIs · HSM firmware
- 05Trust infrastructure — PKI · CAs · KMS · IAM · code signing
- 06Platforms — cloud · network equipment · devices · applications
- 07Industry workflows — payments · telecom · healthcare · IoT · automotive · defense
- 08Organization migration — inventory · prioritize · procure · test · deploy · retire
ML-KEM — Module-Lattice Key Encapsulation
The core post-quantum key-establishment primitive.
ML-DSA — Module-Lattice Digital Signature Algorithm
The general-purpose post-quantum signature standard.
SLH-DSA — Stateless Hash-Based Signatures
Conservative hash-based signature alternative.
Recommendations for Key Encapsulation Mechanisms
Translates KEM primitives into secure usage.
Transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography Standards
The most quoted — and most misquoted — transition timeline.
Considerations for Achieving Crypto Agility
Connects PQ migration to routine algorithm replacement.
Hybrid ML-KEM / ECDHE key exchange for TLS 1.3
Puts post-quantum TLS on the standards track.
ML-DSA in X.509 certificates
The bridge between post-quantum signatures and PKI.
ML-DSA in CMS
Signed content, enterprise messaging, document and code signing.
ML-DSA for JOSE and COSE
Application identity and token ecosystems.
Post-Quantum Cryptography for Engineers
The educational bridge from algorithms to engineering implications.
Coordinated Implementation Roadmap for PQC
The main EU-wide policy timeline.
Post-Quantum Cryptography Integration Study
System integration reference.
UK PQC migration timelines
The clearest whole-economy migration planning framework.
Government of Canada PQC roadmap
Strong model for inventory, dependencies and migration governance.
ASD post-quantum transition guidance
A comparatively aggressive 2030 completion target.
Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite 2.0
Defense and NSS procurement and product-design dependency.
Japan e-Government recommended ciphers list
Japan's public-sector crypto procurement baseline as PQC enters it.
Quantum-Safe Migration Handbook and Quantum Readiness Index
Converts quantum risk into organisational self-assessment.
Quantum readiness for the financial system
Cross-border financial-sector roadmap.